Great Britain - Punjab Medal 1848-1849

ORDERS, DECORATIONS AND MILITARY MEDALS, Groups to Men Awarded The Victoria Cross , The Campaign Pair to Lieutenant Duncan Charles Home, V.C., Bengal Engineers, Hero of the Kashmir Gate at the assault of Delhi, who was killed in an explosion shortly afterwards, comprising Punjab Medal 1848-49, 2 clasps, Mooltan, Goojerat (2nd Lieut. D. C. Home, Engrs. 3rd Cy. Sappers); Indian Mutiny Medal 1857-59, 1 clasp, Delhi (Lt. D. C. Home, Bengal Engrs.). First with some edge bruises and surface marks, very fine, the second nearly extremely fine. (2) £20,000-25,000

Acquired by Roger Perkins directly from the family in 1982; the catalogue of his sale in 1990 states that the “Cross, unfortunately, was lost in the 1920s. The children took it out of the house while ‘playing soldiers’ and it was lost in a field. Intensive searches then and later failed to locate it. After so many years it seems unlikely that it will ever be recovered.” 

Victoria Cross London Gazette, 18 June 1858 

Duncan Charles Home, the third son of Major-General Richard Home, Colonel of the 43rd Bengal Native Infantry, and Frances Sophia, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Fraser, 7th Light Cavalry, was born at Jubbulpore, Central Provinces, on 10 June 1828. He was educated at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, from January 1841 to 1843, and afterwards for 1½ years by Messrs Stoton and Mayor at Wimbledon. He attended Addiscombe from 1845 to 11 December 1846, on which day he was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant in the Bengal Engineers, but undergoing the usual course of instruction at Chatham did not sail for India until 20 June 1848. He arrived at Calcutta in the Barham in the middle of October, and within a few days was despatched to the Upper Provinces to do duty with the headquarters of the Corps of Sappers and Pioneers then employed in operations before Mooltan. He was present at the siege and capture of that place and was afterwards present with the corps at the battle of Goojerat. He was subsequently posted to the 3rd Company of Sappers at Lahore. In October 1849 he was appointed to the Public Works Department, and became Assistant Executive officer, 3rd Division, Ganges Canal, until April 1852, when he was placed at the disposal of the Superintending Engineer, Punjab Circle, for employment in the Civil Engineers Department, being appointed Assistant to the Executive Engineer of the Bari Doab Canals at Malikpur. A year later he was appointed Executive Engineer of the first division of the Bari Doab Canal, and on 15 February 1854 was promoted Lieutenant. He was serving in this capacity at Madhopur when the Mutiny broke out in May 1857. 

The insurrection did not at first affect him in his duties, he was soon ordered to raise three companies of Punjab Sappers (or Pioneers) for service at Delhi from the Mazbi Sikh workmen employed on the Grand Trunk Road. He received the order one morning and the companies marched away the following evening under Lieutenant H W Gulliver, Bengal Engineers. At the start of July, Home raised two more companies of Punjab Sappers, and was later himself summoned to augment the small number of Engineer officers on the Ridge. 

Home arrived at Delhi in August and, on the 22 August, was appointed a Field Engineer in orders. As part of the plan for the final assault on 14 September, Home and Lieutenant Philip Salkeld, also of the Bengal Engineers, were assigned to lead the Explosion Party which was to blow in the Kashmir Gate in advance of Colonel Campbell’s No. 3 Column. At day break just as the British siege guns had ceased firing, Brigadier Nicholson gave the order to advance, leading Nos. 1 and 2 Columns himself from the Kudsia Bagh, while No. 3 Column issued from the vicinity of Ludlow Castle. Two hundred skirmishers of the 60th Rifles ran out to cover the storming columns, and instantly the walls of Delhi blazed with rebel musketry. 

At the front of No. 3 Column, Home and Salkeld led forward their detachment which, carrying ladders and powder bags, comprised three British NCO’s, 14 Indian soldiers of the Bengal Sappers and Miners, 10 men of the Punjab Sappers (or Pioneers) and a British bugler. When there was no more cover, the actual Explosion Party, consisting of all the Europeans and 8 of the Indian Sappers, rushed in two small parties towards the gate. There are conflicting accounts of the heroic deed that followed but the most reliable should be those of the men who were actually there. 

Duncan Home reported to Baird-Smith, the Chief Engineer, Delhi Field Force: ‘Serjeants John Smith and Carmichael, Mahdo Havildar, all the [four] Sappers and myself arrived at the Cashmere Gate untouched a short time in advance of the remainder of the party under Lieutenant Salkeld, having found the palisade gate on the outside of the ditch and the wicket of the Cashmere Gate open, and three planks of the bridge across the ditch removed. As Serjeant Carmichael was laying his powder bag [containing 25lb] he was killed by a shot from the wicket. Havildar Mahdo was, I believe, also wounded about the same time. Lieutenant Salkeld, carrying the slow match to light the charge, now came up with a portion of the remainder of the party... the fire from the wicket which was very severe [and] I slipped down into the ditch. Lieutenant Salkeld being wounded in the leg from the wicket, handed over the match to Corporal Burgess who was mortally wounded while completing the operation, Havildar Tillok was at the same time wounded while assisting Corporal Burgess into the ditch; Sepoy Rambeth was also killed at the same time. As I was assisting Lieutenant Salkeld into the ditch I think he was wounded a second time. The charge having exploded blew in the right leaf of the gate, on which I caused the regimental call of the 52nd Regiment to be sounded as the signal for the advance of the storming party. I caused the bugler [Hawthorne] to sound the call three times, after which the column advanced to storm and the gate was taken possession of by our troops.’ 

Sergeant John Smith recorded: ‘As soon as the dust cleared I saw Lieutenant Salkeld and Burgess covered with dust. Lieutenant Salkeld’s arms were broken. Lieutenant Home got out of the ditch leaving me in charge of the wounded, and went to the front after the Rifles had gone in.’ 

Colonel Sandes in his Military Engineer in India records: ‘Carmichael and Burgess died almost immediately. Salkeld, Home, Smith and Bugler Hawthorne were awarded the Victoria Cross. But Salkeld lived for only two days. Before he died, when he was too weak to do more than whisper “It will be gratifying to send it home,” he received the red ribbon... The Indian Sappers and Miners were rewarded with the Indian Order of Merit, promotion or grants of land; none was forgotten. This is the story of the bravest deed ever performed in India by Engineers or Sappers and Miners.’ In 1876 Lord Napier of Magdala placed a memorial to the Explosion Party outside the Kashmir Gate. 

Following the fall at Delhi, Home was attached to the pursuing column under Colonel Edward Greathed, and was present at the successful action at Boolundshuhur on 28 September against the rebel force under Walidad Khan who had assumed authority over the district. Greathead’s force rested that night at Boolundshuhur and next day Home was sent with a detachment to blow up Walidad Khan’s fort at Maolghur. However, while engaged in that work one of the mines exploded prematurely and he was killed on the spot. His Victoria Cross was sent to his father by post on 7 July 1858. 

Sold with extensive research and a copy VC. 

ex Roger Perkins Collection, Sotheby’s, 18 December 1990, lot 534 

ex Brian Ritchie Collection, 2005 

ex DNW auction, 18 May 2011, lot 541

GREAT BRITAIN: Victoria, 1837-1901, AR medal, The Punjab Medal, diademed head of Queen Victoria with the legend VICTORIA REGINA // scene showing Sir Walter Gilbert receiving the Sikh surrender with the legend TO THE ARMY OF THE PUNJAB above, and below MDCCCXLIX, the year 1849 in Roman numerals, with GOOJERAT clasp, with new ribbon, awarded to Drummer Peter McCartney, 53rd Regiment, EF, ex Ajit Singh Collection. The Punjab Medal was a campaign medal issued to officers and men of the British Army and Honourable East India Company who served in the Punjab campaign of 1848-49, which ended in the British annexation of the Punjab. The medal was approved on 2 April 1849, for award to all who served in the Punjab between 7 September 1848 and 14 March 1849. The 53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot was a British Army regiment, raised in 1755 which took part in the Siege of Cawnpore in June 1857, the Relief of Lucknow in November 1857 and the Capture of Lucknow in spring 1858 during the Indian Rebellion. The regiment earned five Victoria Crosses during the rebellion. It returned to England in 1860. GOOJERAT: This clasp was initiated 21 February 1849 and awarded to troops under the command of Lord Gough who defeated the Sikh army of Sher Singh at Gujarat. In total, 32,960 of these clasps were awarded, 6,200 to Europeans and 26,760 to Indian troops.